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The methods used to adjust angles of alignment will
vary from one vehicle to the next (refer to the examples
in the textbook). Some angles may or may not
be adjustable
on different vehicles.
Caster - may be adjustable at the front wheels
Camber - may be adjustable at the front and rear wheels
Toe - is always adjustable at the front - and may be adjustable at the rear
Toe-out on turns - is not adjustable
SAI - is not adjustable
Included Angle - can be changed only if front camber is adjustable
Setback - is not adjustable unless the front suspension crossmember can be shifted
Thrust Angle - may be adjustable if the rear toe is adjustable
Order of Adjustment
Assuming that the following angles
are adjustable,
the adjustments should be performed
in this order:
In this example (the rear spindle from a Chrysler
front
wheel drive car or minivan) the shim is placed
at the top
of the spindle to increase + Camber.
If more Toe-IN were
required, additional shims could be placed
at the rear
of the spindle. One .010" shim will
normally change
camber by 1/4 degree or toe by 1/8".
If the front Caster and Camber are adjusted
using slotted
upper control arms (or control arm shims),
Caster and
Camber may also be adjusted at the same time
with one
movement of the control arm or addition (or
removal) of
shims at only one of the control arm pivot
points.
In this example, pushing the control arm out at the arrow
would cause the upper ball joint to move outward and
forward at the same time. This would result in more
+ Camber, and more - Caster (less +).